Which of the following statements is true regarding the Compton effect?

The Compton effect, discovered by Arthur H. Compton, refers to the scattering of X-rays or gamma rays when they collide with matter, particularly electrons. When a photon interacts with a free or loosely bound electron, it transfers part of its energy to the electron, resulting in a longer wavelength (lower energy) photon and a recoiling electron. This interaction produces secondary radiation as the electrons that are ejected can cause further ionization in the surrounding material, leading to the generation of additional photons or particles.

Understanding this effect is crucial in the field of radiation detection and safety, as secondary radiation can pose risks in environments where X-rays or gamma rays are used. The Compton effect does not stop X-ray emission; instead, it highlights the nature of scattering and energy loss during interactions with matter, which can actually complicate the radiation environment by introducing additional, potentially harmful secondary radiations.

Moreover, while the Compton effect is significant during the operation of equipment emitting radiation, it is not limited to active operations. It can occur whenever X-rays or gamma rays are present and interact with matter. Thus, the presence of Compton scattering and its resultant secondary radiation is an important consideration in radiation safety protocols.